H2SkaProMo - Scalable cyber-physical production systems for the assembly of fuel cell stacks

In the joint project funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection (BMWi), 15 partners from business and research will work together on the production technology for energy technologies of the future.

The Saarland University with its Chair of Assembly Systems leads the consortium, while ZeMA, as an associated partner, promotes the transfer of results.

problem

A significant lever to achieve cost reductions in the field of hydrogen production in the future lies in the fully automated production of fuel cells in a high number of units. However, the current low demand for fuel cells still leads to a low utilization of the fully automated production systems, resulting in high payback times. From a production point of view, the possibility of demand-based scalability of the assembly systems is currently lacking.
Manual assembly processes for fuel cell stacks (BSZ) are often still carried out by specialists who are under considerable physical stress due to high product variances, high complexity and strict quality specifications. In order to reduce manufacturing costs, there is a need to use less highly qualified workers in the future, while continuously reducing the scrap rate.
Compared to other industries, quality assurance in the semi-automated assembly of the stacks also receives little attention, whereby non-destructive tests and continuous traceability are absolutely necessary for liability reasons. Quality assurance, the need-based increase in output and the physical relief of employees are only possible by scaling the manual assembly line into a semi-automated assembly line.
Automated assembly lines for fuel cell stacks are currently only isolated and prototypical in industrial use. Significant challenges must be solved in the future in feeding, transport, joining, testing and commissioning processes in order to achieve the industrial goals when stacking the components with frequencies > 1 Hz (1 part/s) for economical stack assembly.

objective

There is therefore a need to develop production systems that meet both increasing demand for fuel cells and changing requirements. In this way, manual assembly processes can achieve a high product variance with a high degree of flexibility. Partially automated assembly processes serve the increasing and also volatile demand. Automated assembly processes enable mass production under the highest quality standards. These developments must already take place today, knowledge must be built up and processes and technologies must be developed in order to be able to offer the fuel cell competitively compared to other alternative drives in the future.
A partial goal of the research project is the development of a manual assembly system in which the employee is cognitively relieved by various systems and the use of less highly qualified employees in the varied assembly is made possible. This is particularly important due to the increasing shortage of skilled workers and the expected retraining of employees from the production of conventional powertrains.
A further sub-objective of the research project is based on the development of a semi-automated assembly line by integrating technologies for human-machine interaction for additional physical relief of employees and a system for proactive quality assurance in order to sustainably reduce the waste.
Another major sub-objective of the research project is to develop a high-stroke fully automated line for the assembly of the fuel cell stacks together with equipment suppliers, users and institutes and to operate it as a prototypical functional demonstrator.

approach

In order to achieve the project objectives, users, researchers and equipment suppliers work together in an interdisciplinary manner to research suitable key technologies and to transfer them into a test set-up in a production-related environment as well as into the industrial operating environment. The associated partners significantly support the transfer of results into their extensive corporate network. The consortium enables networked development work on the product and production system through its mutual relationships between equipment suppliers and users.

The project contains 5 work packages:
• Manual assembly: Conception and development of a scalable manual assembly line for fuel cell stacks with a focus on the cognitive relief of employees through assistance systems
• Partially automated assembly: Conception and development of a semi-automated assembly line for flexible capacity control using physical assistance
• Fully automated assembly: Development of the final fully automated line for the assembly of fuel cell stacks with a focus on speed-optimized mass production
• Digital twin and memory: Creation of the digital twin of product, process and resources for simultaneous quality and systems engineering
• Implementation and evaluation: Prototypical implementation and evaluation of the selected solution concept, e.g. by setting up a demonstrative, modular assembly line for fuel cell stacks at ZeMA and the testing processes at the Environmental Campus Birkenfeld

Results / Project status

The project started in December 2021 and will run for a total of three years. Work is currently being started within the individual work packages. Current updates and interim results are also available on the project website www.h2skapromo.de.

Recovery concept

In view of the scientific and technical prospects for success, the joint project aims to transfer the results into industry, society and politics. Due to the modularity of the developed assembly systems, these are suitable for a large number of fuel cell stacks across manufacturers, which ensures the transferability of the results beyond the companies involved in the project. In addition, the demonstrator and the research results are used to apply for and carry out further research projects.
After the funding period, the demonstrators will be integrated into an Open Lab Factory, where the demonstrators will be available to equipment manufacturers, users and research institutes for test purposes and knowledge building. In the factory, the production systems of users can be used for the introduction of new fuel cell stacks for assembly planning and design, the integration of innovative technologies and the evaluation of assembly capability.

Duration: 01.12.2021 - 30.11.2024

Funded by:

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